Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology (EPPP) Practice Test

What technique involves a therapist handling a snake while guiding a client to do the same, specifically for snake phobia?

1. Symbolic modeling

2. Participant modeling

3. In-vivo desensitization

4. Overcorrection

The correct answer is: Participant modeling

Participant modeling is the correct answer because it involves a therapist demonstrating a behavior to the client, encouraging them to engage in that same behavior in a controlled environment. In the case of treating a snake phobia, the therapist would first handle the snake, thereby showing the client that it is safe, and then guide the client to do the same gradually. This approach helps to reduce fear by providing a model who demonstrates confidence and control. In-vivo desensitization, although related, typically involves gradual exposure to the feared object or situation, often starting from something less anxiety-provoking to more direct exposure. While it includes real-life interactions, it doesn't necessarily involve the therapist modeling the behavior in real-time for the patient to mimic. Symbolic modeling involves using visual aids such as videos or images rather than live demonstrations, making it less direct than participant modeling. Overcorrection, on the other hand, is a behavior modification technique used primarily to correct inappropriate behavior through restitution or practice, and it is unrelated to the context of phobia treatment. In summary, participant modeling effectively combines demonstration and guidance, which is essential for helping clients confront and overcome their phobias.